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standard railway gauge line

  • 1 gauge

    (also, especially American) gage [geɪdʒ]
    1. verb
    1) to measure (something) very accurately:

    They gauged the hours of sunshine.

    يَقيس
    2) to estimate, judge:

    Can you gauge her willingness to help?

    يُقَدِّر
    2. noun
    1) an instrument for measuring amount, size, speed etc:

    a petrol gauge.

    مِقْياس
    2) a standard size (of wire, bullets etc):

    gauge wire.

    مِعْيار
    3) the distance between the rails of a railway line.
    عَرْض، مَسافَه، إتِّساع

    Arabic-English dictionary > gauge

  • 2 нормальная железнодорожная колея

    2) Mining: full gauge, standard railway gauge (=8 футов 8 1/2 дюймов = 1,45 м, США)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > нормальная железнодорожная колея

  • 3 колея

    * * *
    колея́ ж.
    железнодоро́жная, норма́льная колея́ — standard railway gauge (line)
    железнодоро́жная, у́зкая колея́ — narrow gauge (line)
    железнодоро́жная, широ́кая колея́ — wide gauge (line)

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > колея

  • 4 Brunel, Isambard Kingdom

    [br]
    b. 9 April 1806 Portsea, Hampshire, England
    d. 15 September 1859 18 Duke Street, St James's, London, England
    [br]
    English civil and mechanical engineer.
    [br]
    The son of Marc Isambard Brunel and Sophia Kingdom, he was educated at a private boarding-school in Hove. At the age of 14 he went to the College of Caen and then to the Lycée Henri-Quatre in Paris, after which he was apprenticed to Louis Breguet. In 1822 he returned from France and started working in his father's office, while spending much of his time at the works of Maudslay, Sons \& Field.
    From 1825 to 1828 he worked under his father on the construction of the latter's Thames Tunnel, occupying the position of Engineer-in-Charge, exhibiting great courage and presence of mind in the emergencies which occurred not infrequently. These culminated in January 1828 in the flooding of the tunnel and work was suspended for seven years. For the next five years the young engineer made abortive attempts to find a suitable outlet for his talents, but to little avail. Eventually, in 1831, his design for a suspension bridge over the River Avon at Clifton Gorge was accepted and he was appointed Engineer. (The bridge was eventually finished five years after Brunel's death, as a memorial to him, the delay being due to inadequate financing.) He next planned and supervised improvements to the Bristol docks. In March 1833 he was appointed Engineer of the Bristol Railway, later called the Great Western Railway. He immediately started to survey the route between London and Bristol that was completed by late August that year. On 5 July 1836 he married Mary Horsley and settled into 18 Duke Street, Westminster, London, where he also had his office. Work on the Bristol Railway started in 1836. The foundation stone of the Clifton Suspension Bridge was laid the same year. Whereas George Stephenson had based his standard railway gauge as 4 ft 8½ in (1.44 m), that or a similar gauge being usual for colliery wagonways in the Newcastle area, Brunel adopted the broader gauge of 7 ft (2.13 m). The first stretch of the line, from Paddington to Maidenhead, was opened to traffic on 4 June 1838, and the whole line from London to Bristol was opened in June 1841. The continuation of the line through to Exeter was completed and opened on 1 May 1844. The normal time for the 194-mile (312 km) run from Paddington to Exeter was 5 hours, at an average speed of 38.8 mph (62.4 km/h) including stops. The Great Western line included the Box Tunnel, the longest tunnel to that date at nearly two miles (3.2 km).
    Brunel was the engineer of most of the railways in the West Country, in South Wales and much of Southern Ireland. As railway networks developed, the frequent break of gauge became more of a problem and on 9 July 1845 a Royal Commission was appointed to look into it. In spite of comparative tests, run between Paddington-Didcot and Darlington-York, which showed in favour of Brunel's arrangement, the enquiry ruled in favour of the narrow gauge, 274 miles (441 km) of the former having been built against 1,901 miles (3,059 km) of the latter to that date. The Gauge Act of 1846 forbade the building of any further railways in Britain to any gauge other than 4 ft 8 1/2 in (1.44 m).
    The existence of long and severe gradients on the South Devon Railway led to Brunel's adoption of the atmospheric railway developed by Samuel Clegg and later by the Samuda brothers. In this a pipe of 9 in. (23 cm) or more in diameter was laid between the rails, along the top of which ran a continuous hinged flap of leather backed with iron. At intervals of about 3 miles (4.8 km) were pumping stations to exhaust the pipe. Much trouble was experienced with the flap valve and its lubrication—freezing of the leather in winter, the lubricant being sucked into the pipe or eaten by rats at other times—and the experiment was abandoned at considerable cost.
    Brunel is to be remembered for his two great West Country tubular bridges, the Chepstow and the Tamar Bridge at Saltash, with the latter opened in May 1859, having two main spans of 465 ft (142 m) and a central pier extending 80 ft (24 m) below high water mark and allowing 100 ft (30 m) of headroom above the same. His timber viaducts throughout Devon and Cornwall became a feature of the landscape. The line was extended ultimately to Penzance.
    As early as 1835 Brunel had the idea of extending the line westwards across the Atlantic from Bristol to New York by means of a steamship. In 1836 building commenced and the hull left Bristol in July 1837 for fitting out at Wapping. On 31 March 1838 the ship left again for Bristol but the boiler lagging caught fire and Brunel was injured in the subsequent confusion. On 8 April the ship set sail for New York (under steam), its rival, the 703-ton Sirius, having left four days earlier. The 1,340-ton Great Western arrived only a few hours after the Sirius. The hull was of wood, and was copper-sheathed. In 1838 Brunel planned a larger ship, some 3,000 tons, the Great Britain, which was to have an iron hull.
    The Great Britain was screwdriven and was launched on 19 July 1843,289 ft (88 m) long by 51 ft (15.5 m) at its widest. The ship's first voyage, from Liverpool to New York, began on 26 August 1845. In 1846 it ran aground in Dundrum Bay, County Down, and was later sold for use on the Australian run, on which it sailed no fewer than thirty-two times in twenty-three years, also serving as a troop-ship in the Crimean War. During this war, Brunel designed a 1,000-bed hospital which was shipped out to Renkioi ready for assembly and complete with shower-baths and vapour-baths with printed instructions on how to use them, beds and bedding and water closets with a supply of toilet paper! Brunel's last, largest and most extravagantly conceived ship was the Great Leviathan, eventually named The Great Eastern, which had a double-skinned iron hull, together with both paddles and screw propeller. Brunel designed the ship to carry sufficient coal for the round trip to Australia without refuelling, thus saving the need for and the cost of bunkering, as there were then few bunkering ports throughout the world. The ship's construction was started by John Scott Russell in his yard at Millwall on the Thames, but the building was completed by Brunel due to Russell's bankruptcy in 1856. The hull of the huge vessel was laid down so as to be launched sideways into the river and then to be floated on the tide. Brunel's plan for hydraulic launching gear had been turned down by the directors on the grounds of cost, an economy that proved false in the event. The sideways launch with over 4,000 tons of hydraulic power together with steam winches and floating tugs on the river took over two months, from 3 November 1857 until 13 January 1858. The ship was 680 ft (207 m) long, 83 ft (25 m) beam and 58 ft (18 m) deep; the screw was 24 ft (7.3 m) in diameter and paddles 60 ft (18.3 m) in diameter. Its displacement was 32,000 tons (32,500 tonnes).
    The strain of overwork and the huge responsibilities that lay on Brunel began to tell. He was diagnosed as suffering from Bright's disease, or nephritis, and spent the winter travelling in the Mediterranean and Egypt, returning to England in May 1859. On 5 September he suffered a stroke which left him partially paralysed, and he died ten days later at his Duke Street home.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    L.T.C.Rolt, 1957, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, London: Longmans Green. J.Dugan, 1953, The Great Iron Ship, Hamish Hamilton.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Brunel, Isambard Kingdom

  • 5 Pihl, Carl Abraham

    [br]
    b. 16 January 1825 Stavanger, Norway
    d. 14 September 1897 Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway
    [br]
    Norwegian railway engineer, protagonist of narrow-gauge railways.
    [br]
    Pihl trained as an engineer at Göteborg, Sweden, and then moved to London, where he worked under Robert Stephenson during 1845 and 1846. In 1850 he returned to Norway and worked with the English contractors building the first railway in Norway, the Norwegian Trunk Railway from Kristiania to Eidsvold, for which the English standard gauge was used. Subsequently he worked in England for a year, but in 1856 joined the Norwegian government's Road Department, which was to have responsibility for railways. In 1865 a distinct Railway Department was set up, and Pihl became Director for State Railway Construction. Because of the difficulties of the terrain and limited traffic, Pihl recommended that in the case of two isolated lines to be built the outlay involved in ordinary railways would not be justified, and that they should be built to the narrow gauge of 3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m). His recommendation was accepted by the Government in 1857 and the two lines were built to this gauge and opened during 1861–4. Six of their seven locomotives, and all their rolling stock, were imported from Britain. The lines cost £3,000 and £5,000 per mile, respectively; a standard-gauge line built in the same period cost £6,400 per mile.
    Subsequently, many hundreds of miles of Norwegian railways were built to 3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m) gauge under Pihl's direction. They influenced construction of railways to this gauge in Australia, Southern Africa, New Zealand, Japan and elsewhere. However, in the late 1870s controversy arose in Norway over the economies that could in fact be gained from the 3 ft 6 in. (1,07 m) gauge. This controversy in the press, in discussion and in the Norwegian parliament became increasingly acrimonious during the next two decades; the standard-gauge party may be said to have won with the decision in 1898, the year after Pihl's death, to build the Bergen-Oslo line to standard gauge.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knight of the Order of St Olaf 1862; Commander of the Order of St Olaf 1877. Commander of the Royal Order of Vasa 1867. Royal Order of the Northern Star 1882.
    Further Reading
    P.Allen and P.B.Whitehouse, 1959, Narrow Gauge Railways of Europe, Ian Allan (describes the Norwegian Battle of the Gauges).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Pihl, Carl Abraham

  • 6 Spooner, Charles Easton

    [br]
    b. 1818 Maentwrog, Merioneth (now Gwynedd), Wales
    d. 18 November 1889 Portmadoc (now Porthmadog), Wales
    [br]
    English engineer, pioneer of narrow-gauge steam railways.
    [br]
    At the age of 16 Charles Spooner helped his father, James, to build the Festiniog Railway, a horse-and-gravity tramroad; they maintained an even gradient and kept costs down by following a sinuous course along Welsh mountainsides and using a very narrow gauge. This was probably originally 2 ft 1 in. (63.5 cm) from rail centre to rail centre; with the introduction of heavier, and therefore wider, rails the gauge between them was reduced and was eventually standardized at 1 ft 11 1/2 in (60 cm). After James Spooner's death in 1856 Charles Spooner became Manager and Engineer of the Festiniog Railway and sought to introduce steam locomotives. Widening the gauge was impracticable, but there was no precedent for operating a public railway of such narrow gauge by steam. Much of the design work for locomotives for the Festiniog Railway was the responsibility of C.M.Holland, and many possible types were considered: eventually, in 1863, two very small 0–4–0 tank locomotives, with tenders for coal, were built by George England.
    These locomotives were successful, after initial problems had been overcome, and a passenger train service was introduced in 1865 with equal success. The potential for economical operation offered by such a railway attracted widespread attention, the more so because it had been effectively illegal to build new passenger railways in Britain to other than standard gauge since the Gauge of Railways Act of 1846.
    Spooner progressively improved the track, alignment, signalling and rolling stock of the Festiniog Railway and developed it from a tramroad to a miniaturized main line. Increasing traffic led to the introduction in 1869 of the 0–4–4–0 double-Fairlie locomotive Little Wonder, built to the patent of Robert Fairlie. This proved more powerful than two 0–4–0s and impressive demonstrations were given to engineers from many parts of the world, leading to the widespread adoption of narrow-gauge railways. Spooner himself favoured a gauge of 2 ft 6 in. (76 cm) or 2 ft 9 in. (84 cm). Comparison of the economy of narrow gauges with the inconvenience of a break of gauge at junctions with wider gauges did, however, become a continuing controversy, which limited the adoption of narrow gauges in Britain.
    Bogie coaches had long been used in North America but were introduced to Britain by Spooner in 1872, when he had two such coaches built for the Festiniog Railway. Both of these and one of its original locomotives, though much rebuilt, remain in service.
    Spooner, despite some serious illnesses, remained Manager of the Festiniog Railway until his death.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1869, jointly with G.A.Huddart, British patent no. 1,487 (improved fishplates). 1869, British patent no. 2,896 (rail-bending machinery).
    1871, Narrow Gauge Railways, E. \& F.N.Spon (includes his description of the Festiniog Railway, reports of locomotive trials and his proposals for narrow-gauge railways).
    Further Reading
    J.I.C.Boyd, 1975, The Festiniog Railway, Blandford: Oakwood Press; C.E.Lee, 1945, Narrow-Gauge Railways in North Wales, The Railway Publishing Co. (both give good descriptions of Spooner and the Festiniog Railway).
    C.Hamilton Ellis, 1965, Railway Carriages in the British Isles, London: George Allen \& Unwin, pp. 181–3. Pihl, Carl Abraham.
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Spooner, Charles Easton

  • 7 ferrovia

    f railway, AE railroad
    ferrovia metropolitana o sotterranea underground, AE subway
    * * *
    ferrovia s.f.
    1 railway; (amer.) railroad: ferrovia a un binario, single-line (o single-track) railway; ferrovia a cremagliera, rack railway; ferrovia a doppio binario, double-line (o double-track) railway; ferrovia elettrica, electric railway; ferrovia a scartamento normale, standard-gauge railway; ferrovia a scartamento ridotto, light (o narrow-gauge) railway; ferrovia sotterranea, underground railway (o fam. tube o amer. subway); ferrovia a vapore, steam railway; dopo aver attraversato la ferrovia, gira a destra, after you have crossed the railway, turn right // ( mandare) per ferrovia, (to send) by rail (o by train); trasportare per ferrovia, to railroad (o to rail)
    2 (region.) ( stazione) railway station.
    * * *
    [ferro'via]
    sostantivo femminile railway BE, railroad AE

    viaggiare in o per ferrovia to travel by rail; trasporto per ferrovia rail transport; spedire qcs. per ferrovia — to send sth. by rail o train

    ferrovia a cremagliera — cog o rack railway BE o railroad AE

    Ferrovie dello Stato — = Italian railways

    * * *
    ferrovia
    /ferro'via/
    sostantivo f.
    railway BE, railroad AE; viaggiare in o per ferrovia to travel by rail; trasporto per ferrovia rail transport; spedire qcs. per ferrovia to send sth. by rail o train
    \
    ferrovia a cremagliera cog o rack railway BE o railroad AE; ferrovia a scartamento ridotto narrow-gauge railway BE o railroad AE; ferrovia soprelevata elevated railway BE o railroad AE; Ferrovie dello Stato = Italian railways.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > ferrovia

  • 8 широкая колея

    1) General subject: (узкая) broad (narrow) gauge, broad gage
    2) Military: standard gauge (railway)
    4) Construction: broad gauge

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > широкая колея

  • 9 путь

    path, race, road, route, trace, tracing, track, trail мор., way
    * * *
    путь м.
    1. ( направление) route, course, way
    2. ( расстояние) distance
    3. ( траектория) path, track, trajectory
    4. ( перевозка) transit, transportation
    в пути́ ( при транспортировке) — in [during] transit
    путь гра́фа ( в теории графов) — forward path of a graph
    путь движе́ния мех. — path of a motion
    железнодоро́жный путь — (railway) track
    раздвига́ть железнодоро́жный путь — move the tracks apart
    железнодоро́жный, бесстыково́й путь — continuous welded railway track
    железнодоро́жный, гла́вный путь — main track, trunk line
    железнодоро́жный, грузово́й путь — freight line, freight track
    железнодоро́жный, двойно́й путь — double track
    железнодоро́жный, запасно́й путь — side track
    железнодоро́жный путь надви́га на сортиро́вочную го́рку — hump lead track
    железнодоро́жный путь норма́льной колеи́ — standard-gauge track
    железнодоро́жный, па́рковый путь — body [yard] track
    железнодоро́жный, подъездно́й путь — approach line
    железнодоро́жный, станцио́нный путь — station track
    железнодоро́жный, тупико́вый путь — stub track, dead-end (track)
    железнодоро́жный, узкоколе́йный путь — narrow-gauge track
    железнодоро́жный, ширококоле́йный путь — wide-gauge track
    путь интегри́рования — patch of integration, integration path
    лесоспла́вный путь — floatway
    морско́й путь — shipping lane
    морско́й путь с интенси́вным движе́нием — crowded shipping lane
    объездно́й путь — detour
    отка́точный путь горн. — haulage track
    путь перекры́тия ( электроизолятора) — arcover path
    путь проце́сса ( в термодинамике) — path of a process
    путь разря́да — discharge path
    ре́льсовый путь — rail track
    передвига́ться по ре́льсовому пути́ — ride a rail track
    путь сле́дования — route
    сплавно́й путь — floating channel
    путь то́ка — current path
    тормозно́й путь авто — braking [stopping] distance, braking length
    путь уте́чки — leakage path
    путь фильтра́ции — leakage path

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > путь

  • 10 нормальная колея

    1) Geology: normal gauge
    2) Engineering: standard gage (1435 мм)
    3) Construction: broad gauge
    5) Mining: full gauge

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > нормальная колея

  • 11 стандарт

    1) General subject: gage, norm, standard, stereo, touchstone, mark
    2) Medicine: norma
    3) Military: sample
    4) Engineering: written standard
    6) Railway term: normal
    8) Accounting: standard (ный)
    9) Architecture: (ВМ) benchmark, model
    10) Mining: standard (мера объёма строевого леса = 162/3 куб. фута = 0,47 м3), standard deviation
    11) Psychology: anchorage
    12) Oil: STD (standard), code, standart
    13) Immunology: standard (прибора)
    14) Metrology: documentary standard
    15) Advertising: standard specifications
    16) Business: reference, stereotype
    17) Drilling: specification
    18) Sakhalin energy glossary: API specification
    19) Football: set piece
    22) Marine science: standard unit
    24) Makarov: control (в опыте), point
    25) Phraseological unit: bright-line rule

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > стандарт

  • 12 железнодорожный путь

    1. railway
    2. railway lines

    путь для поездов, идущих к центру города — down line

    3. railroad track

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > железнодорожный путь

  • 13 Daft, Leo

    [br]
    b. 13 November 1843 Birmingham, England
    d. 28 March 1922
    [br]
    English electrical engineer, pioneer of electric-power generation and electric railways in the USA.
    [br]
    Leo Daft, son of a British civil engineer, studied electricity and emigrated to the USA in 1866. After various occupations including running a photographic studio, he joined in 1879 the New York Electric Light Company, which was soon merged into the Daft Electric Company. This company developed electrically powered machinery and built electric-power plants. In 1883 Daft built an electric locomotive called Ampere for the Saratoga \& Mount McGregor Railroad. This is said to have been the first electric main-line locomotive for standard gauge. It collected current from a central rail, had an output of 12 hp (9 kW) and hauled 10 tons at speeds up to 9 mph (14.5 km/h). Two years later Daft made a much improved locomotive for the New York Elevated Railway, the Benjamin Franklin, which drew current at 250 volts from a central rail and had two 48 in. (122 cm)-diameter driving wheels and two 33 in. (84 cm)-diameter trailing wheels. Re-equipped in 1888 with four driving wheels and a 125 hp (93 kW) motor, this could haul an eight-car train at 10 mph (16 km/h). Meanwhile, in 1884, Daft's company had manufactured all the electrical apparatus for the Massachusetts Electric Power Company, the first instance of a complete central station to generate and distribute electricity for power on a commercial scale. In 1885 it electrified a branch of the Baltimore Union Passenger Railway, the first electrically operated railway in the USA. Subsequently Daft invented a process for vulcanizing rubber onto metal that came into general use. He never became an American citizen.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Dictionary of American Biography.
    F.J.G.Haut, 1969, The History of the Electric Locomotive, London: George Allen \& Unwin.
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Daft, Leo

  • 14 Outram, Benjamin

    [br]
    b. 1 April 1764 Alfreton, England
    d. 22 May 1805 London, England
    [br]
    English ironmaster and engineer of canals and tramroads, protagonist of angled plate rails in place of edge rails.
    [br]
    Outram's father was one of the principal promoters of the Cromford Canal, Derbyshire, and Benjamin Outram became Assistant to the canal's Engineer, William Jessop. In 1789 Outram was appointed Superintendent in charge of construction, and his responsibilities included the 2,978 yd (2,723 m) Butterley Tunnel; while the tunnel was being driven, coal and iron ore were encountered. Outram and a partner purchased the Butterley Hall estate above the tunnel and formed Outram \& Co. to exploit the coal and iron: a wide length of the tunnel beneath the company's furnace was linked to the surface by shafts to become in effect an underground wharf. Jessop soon joined the company, which grew and prospered to eventually become the long-lived Butterley Company.
    As a canal engineer, Outram's subsequent projects included the Derby, Huddersfield Narrow and Peak Forest Canals. On the Derby Canal he built a small iron aqueduct, which though designed later than the Longdon Aqueduct of Thomas Telford was opened earlier, in 1796, to become the first iron aqueduct.
    It is as a tramroad engineer that Outram is best known. In 1793 he completed a mile-long (1.6 km) tramroad from Outram \& Co.'s limestone quarry at Crich to the Cromford Canal, for which he used plate rails of the type recently developed by John Curr. He was, however, able to use a wider gauge—3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m) between the flanges—and larger wagons than Curr had been able to use underground in mines. It appears to have been Outram's idea to mount the rails on stone blocks, rather than wooden sleepers.
    Outram then engineered tramroads to extend the lines of the Derby and Peak Forest Canals. He encouraged construction of such tramroads in many parts of Britain, often as feeders of traffic to canals. He acted as Engineer, and his company often provided the rails and sometimes undertook the entire construction of a line. Foreseeing that lines would be linked together, he recommended a gauge of 4 ft 2 in. (1.27 m) between the flanges as standard, and for twenty years or so Outram's plateways, with horses or gravity as motive power, became the usual form of construction for new railways. However, experience then showed that edge rails, weight for weight, could carry greater load, and were indeed almost essential for the introduction of steam locomotives.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    R.B.Schofield, 1986, "The design and construction of the Cromford Canal, 1788–1794", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 57 (provides good coverage of Outram's early career).
    P.J.Riden, 1973, The Butterley Company and railway construction, 1790–1830', Transport History 6(1) (covers Outram's development of tramroads).
    R.A.Mott, 1969, Tramroads of the eighteenth century and their originator: John Curr', Transactions of the Newcomen Society 42.
    "Dowie" (A.R.Cowlishaw, J.H.Price and R.G.P. Tebb), 1971, The Crich Mineral Railways, Crich: Tramway Publications.
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Outram, Benjamin

  • 15 мера длины

    1) General subject: long measure, perch (=5, 03 м), pole (=5, 029 м), rod (5 м), thumb (приравниваемая к одному дюйму)
    3) Obsolete: gad
    5) History: ell (113 см)
    6) Railway term: chain (20, 12 м)
    7) Automobile industry: line (0.1 дюйма), linear measure, rod (16, 5 футов = 4, 86 м)
    8) Mining: English ell (114, 2 см), French ell (137, 1 см), Scotch ell (94, 4 см), hand (=10,16 см), link, perch (5,03 м), plantation pole (7 ярдам), pole (5, 02 м), rod (4, 86 м)
    9) Textile: perch (равная 5,5 ярдов или 5,03 м), rod (16,5 футов или 4,86 м)
    10) Metrology: length gauge
    11) Automation: length bar
    12) Makarov: length standard

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > мера длины

  • 16 Metro, the Paris

       First opened in 1900, the Paris Metro (or Métropolitain) is the city's subway system or underground railway system. Most of the network within central Paris is underground, though there are some aerial sections, notably on routes 2 and 6. It is linked with the city's suburban rapid transit system, the RER. The Paris Metro is Europe's second most-used urban subway system after the Moscow underground. Most routes use standard gauge steel rail tracks, though five of the routes operate with rubber-tyred rolling stock, running on concrete tracks. These are considerably quieter than the traditional trains used on other routes. The most recent route, line 14, opened in 1998 and known as the "Météor", uses driverless trains.

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Metro, the Paris

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  • Railway Reserve Heritage Trail, Western Australia — Railway Reserve Heritage Trail, also on some road maps as Rail reserves heritage trail or Rail reserves historical trail and frequently referred to locally as the Bridle Trail or Bridle Track, is within the Shire of Mundaring in Western Australia …   Wikipedia

  • Railway stations in Cromer — The fishing port and holiday resort of Cromer in the English county of Norfolk has had a rail service since 1877. It was served by three railway stations for many years, and is now served by two. Cromer Beach station, which opened in 1887, was… …   Wikipedia

  • gauge — gaugeable, adj. gaugeably, adv. /gayj/, v., gauged, gauging, n. v.t. 1. to determine the exact dimensions, capacity, quantity, or force of; measure. 2. to appraise, estimate, or judge. 3. to make conformable to a standard. 4. to mark or measure… …   Universalium

  • Railway accidents in Victoria — There have been a number of train accidents on the railway network of Victoria, Australia. Some of these are listed below: 4 May 2010: A Metro train collided with an Apex quarry freighter (operated by Pacific National) stopped at a signal south… …   Wikipedia

  • Railway stations in Cameroon — List of Railway stations in Cameroon includes: Maps * [http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/cameroon.pdf UNJLC Map] * [http://imagesignal.comsec.com.au/asxdata/20071129/pdf/00789550.pdf Map of Mbalam Kribi Railway] Towns served by… …   Wikipedia

  • Railway electrification in Great Britain — describes the past and present electrification systems used to supply traction current to railways and tramways in Great Britain with a chronological record of development, a list of lines using each system, and a history and a technical… …   Wikipedia

  • Gauge — Gauge, n. [Written also gage.] 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. [1913 Webster] This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon. [1913 …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

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